Technology

Underground Conduit Placement, Explained

Installing a fiber network involves two primary methods: aerial and underground installations. Each method has its advantages. Today, we’ll focus on underground conduit placement.

Laying underground conduit is crucial for bringing our fiber network to your doorstep. This blog will explain the process of underground conduit installation in detail. Learn about the benefits of underground conduit and how it supports a reliable fiber optic network.

What is an Underground Conduit?

Underground conduit refers to a protective tube or casing used to house and protect fiber optic cables underground. Made from durable materials like PVC or HDPE, these conduits safeguard the cables from environmental damage, physical impact, and other potential hazards.

Using underground conduit for fiber optic cables offers numerous benefits:

Protection from Physical Damage. Underground conduit provides a strong barrier against physical damage from digging, construction activities, or natural movements in the earth. Fiber optic cables are delicate and can be easily damaged by such activities, so encasing them in a sturdy conduit ensures their longevity and reliability.
Enhanced Network Reliability. By protecting fiber optic cables from external threats like moisture, temperature fluctuations, and chemical exposure, conduits significantly reduce the likelihood of fiber network outages. This results in a more stable and dependable service for both residential and business customers, which is essential for activities that depend on high-speed internet, including remote work, online education, and streaming services.
Ease of Maintenance and Upgrades. Conduits allow for easier access to the cables for maintenance or upgrades. Technicians can pull new cables through existing conduits without extensive digging, making the process less disruptive and more efficient.
Improved Aesthetics and Reduced Risk of Vandalism. Placing fiber-optic cables underground protects them and improves the environment’s visual appeal. Overhead cables and poles can be unsightly and often face higher risks of vandalism. Underground conduit keeps the cables out of sight and reach, contributing to a cleaner, more organized look in both urban and rural settings.

At Race Communications, we’ve seen the significant benefits of using underground conduit firsthand. For example, in rural projects, where the terrain can be challenging, we maintain cable integrity and performance over many years.

Planning & Survey for Underground Conduit Installation

Before any underground conduit installation begins, a thorough site assessment and survey are crucial for determining the best route for the conduit. At Race Communications, our survey team uses advanced techniques to ensure accuracy and effectiveness. This comprehensive process involves:

GPS Mapping to create precise maps of the proposed route.
Topographic Analysis to determine the most suitable path for the conduit, avoiding obstacles and minimizing disruption.
Environmental Assessment to plan the most effective and sustainable route (e.g. soil type).
Utility Mapping means planning around existing underground utilities to avoid potential damage during installation.

Tools and Technologies Used for Surveying

Race Communications employs state-of-the-art tools and technologies for route surveying, ensuring accuracy and efficiency. These include:

Laser Rangefinders for precise distance measurements.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to detect underground obstacles and utilities.
GIS Software for detailed mapping and analysis.
Drones for aerial surveys, providing a bird’s-eye view of the route and surrounding areas.

These technologies enable us to gather accurate data and make informed decisions, ensuring the success of our projects.

Choosing the Right Type of Conduit

Selecting the appropriate type of conduit is a critical step in the planning process. The choice of conduit depends on several factors, including the installation environment, expected load, and future maintenance requirements.

Common types of conduits include:

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) – Known for its strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Ideal for most standard installations.
HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) – Offers flexibility and resistance to corrosion, making it suitable for areas with harsh environmental conditions.
Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) – Provides maximum protection and is used in areas where extreme physical protection is necessary.

For long-term reliability and performance, Race Communications evaluates each project’s specific needs to choose the best conduit type. Here are specific guidelines:

Conduit runs under 250 feet: Require ¾- inch Schedule 40 PVC conduit.
Runs between 251 and 400 feet: Require ¾-inch Schedule 40 PVC conduit with a pull box.
Runs over 400 feet: Will require a pull box location.

Additional installation requirements include:

All conduits, sweeps, and couplers should be glued with PVC cement.
Sweeps are to be utilized at any splice location, riser pole, or structure. No hard 90-degree bends are to be used, with a maximum of three sweeps in a conduit run.
All conduit runs should have a ¼ inch nylon pull rope installed within it. Both ends of the rope should be secured to the outside of the conduit and accessible.
Conduit at the pole location must be stubbed up at least 2 feet.
Conduit at the structure location must be stubbed up at least 4 feet.
The installation depth for conduit on private property is 12-18 inches. Contact the local building department for the required private property depth based on county specifications.

Tools & Equipment for Underground Conduit Installation

Some of the essential tools and equipment include trenching machines for digging precise trenches where the conduit will be laid, cable pullers to facilitate the smooth pulling of fiber optic cables through the conduit, conduit benders for shaping the conduit to fit the installation route, and duct rodders to guide cables through the conduit efficiently.

Safety Gear for Installation

Safety is a top priority in all our projects. The necessary safety gear includes:

Hard hats to protect against head injuries.
Safety glasses to shield eyes from debris and dust.
High-visibility vests to ensure workers are easily seen, especially in high-traffic areas.
Gloves and boots to protect hands and feet from potential hazards.

Compliance with Local Regulations and Standards

Compliance with local regulations and standards is a non-negotiable aspect of underground conduit installation. Each region has its own set of rules governing underground installations to ensure safety and efficiency. These regulations cover aspects such as:

Minimum depth at which the conduit must be buried.
Approved materials and specifications for conduits.
Accepted methods and procedures for laying and securing conduits.

Race needs to submit a permit to the Pole Owner and get approval before any specifications can be executed.

Before installing any conduit, a Race Communications field engineer must be scheduled to verify the conduit route, pole conduit stub out, and home stub out. A field engineer will need to be scheduled for conduit inspection before trench fill.

Two days’ advance notice must be provided prior to conduit inspection, with a three-day inspection window. It’s the homeowner/developer/contractor’s responsibility to contact 811 (Call Before You Dig) prior to any excavation.

Additionally, it’s the homeowner/developer/contractor’s responsibility to contact the local building department for any permitting requirements.

Race Communications will reserve the right to refuse fiber installation if any of these specifications are not met. A scaled print of the project showing the lot layout is required. This will be reviewed with the Race Communications Field Engineer.

Inspecting Manholes and Ducts

Checking existing manholes and ducts is an important part of the route survey process. We make sure that the manholes and ducts are in good condition and can handle the new conduit.

We also check if the existing ducts have enough space for the new fiber optic cables and ensure that manholes can be easily accessed for future maintenance and upgrades. This way, our team can spot any potential problems and repair them before starting the installation.

Developing an Installation Plan Based on the Survey

Once the route survey is complete, we develop a detailed installation plan. This plan outlines a route map showing the exact path of the conduit, step-by-step instructions for the installation process, including the order of operations, detailed information on the materials, tools, and personnel required for the project, and strategies to address any unforeseen issues that may arise during installation.

Steps for Underground Conduit Installation

Successfully installing underground conduit for fiber optic cables involves a series of well-planned and executed steps.

Here’s a breakdown of our process:

1. Initial Planning and Design

Conduct site assessments and surveys to map the route.
Develop a detailed installation plan, including material selection, compliance with local regulations, and resource allocation.
Obtain necessary permits and approvals.

2. Preparation

Mark the installation route clearly to avoid any confusion during digging.
Notify local utilities to ensure no existing underground infrastructure is disturbed.

3. Digging Trenches

Use trenching machines to dig trenches along the marked route. The depth and width of the trenches should comply with local regulations and project specifications.
We dig the trenches at a consistent depth to facilitate easier conduit laying.

4. Laying the Conduit

Lay the chosen type of conduit (PVC, HDPE, RMC) in the trench. Ensure the conduit is laid smoothly without any sharp bends that could damage the fiber optic cables.
Use conduit spacers if necessary to maintain consistent spacing and alignment.

5. Sealing and Securing the Conduit

Seal conduit joints securely using appropriate methods (e.g., solvent welding for PVC, heat fusion for HDPE) to prevent water ingress and ensure durability.
Use sand or fine soil to backfill around the conduit, providing a cushion to protect against sharp rocks and other potential damage.
Compact the backfill material to ensure stability and prevent future settling.

6. Pulling Fiber Optic Cables

Use cable pullers to gently pull fiber optic cables through the conduit. Ensure the pulling tension is within manufacturer specifications to avoid damaging the cables.
Use cable lubricants if necessary to reduce friction and ease the pulling process.

7. Final Inspections and Testing

Conduct thorough inspections to ensure the conduit is properly installed, sealed, and free of obstructions.
Test the fiber optic cables for continuity and performance to ensure there are no faults.

8. Site Restoration

Restore the site to its original condition, including replanting vegetation or repairing pavement as needed.
All temporary markers and barriers are removed, leaving the site clean and safe.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Several common issues can arise during and after installation. Here’s how we identify and address them promptly:

Water Ingress. If water gets inside the conduit, we check for improperly sealed joints or cracks and seal any leaks immediately.
Blockages. If cables are difficult to pull through the conduit, there might be a blockage. We use duct rodders or blowing techniques to clear the conduit efficiently.
Physical Damage. We inspect the conduit for any signs of crushing or external damage. If needed, we replace or repair damaged sections to ensure the cables stay protected.

If we find any damage to the conduits, we have several methods to repair it:

Splicing. For minor cracks or damage, we use splicing techniques to securely join the sections.
Replacement. For more significant damage, we replace the affected section of the conduit..
Relining. In some cases, we can reline the existing conduit with a smaller diameter liner to restore its integrity.

Final Thoughts on Underground Conduit Placement

Proper underground conduit placement is essential for protecting fiber optic cables and ensuring a reliable, high-performance network. By following best practices, conducting regular maintenance, and staying updated with the latest trends and technologies, our fiber network stays reliable and durable.

For the best fiber optic internet services, contact Race Communications. Experience speeds up to 10Gbps with plans starting at just $35. Let our experts handle your underground conduit installation for a reliable, high-performance network. Visit our website to learn more and get started!